Moderasi Keterbukaan Perdagangan Pada Pendapatan Per Kapita Dan Foreign Direct Investment Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Di ASEAN-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54957/educoretax.v3i3.471Kata Kunci:
FDI, Income per capita, Tax revenue, Trade opennesAbstrak
Kinerja perpajakan di wilayah Asia Tenggara, khususnya ASEAN-5 yang terdiri dari Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, dan Thailand, masih relatif rendah di bawah “titik kritis” menurut Bank Dunia dengan rata-rata penerimaan pajak hanya sebesar 13%. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mempelajari konsep kinerja perpajakan secara lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji moderasi keterbukaan perdagangan pada pendapatan per kapita dan Foreign Direct Investment terhadap penerimaan pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel terhadap negara ASEAN-5 pada periode 2008-2018. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan pengujian model panel, Pooled Least Square merupakan model yang terbaik. Secara simultan seluruh variabel berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan pajak. Secara parsial, pendapatan per kapita berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak dan setelah dimoderasi dengan variabel keterbukaan perdagangan ternyata memperlemah hubungan positif antara pendapatan per kapita dengan peneriman pajak. Sementara itu, FDI baik secara parsial maupun setelah dimoderasi dengan variabel keterbukaan perdagangan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diperlukan kebijakan yang komprehensif dan tepat oleh setiap negara di ASEAN-5 agar keterbukaan perdagangan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan pajak dan memperkuat hubungan antara pendapatan per kapita dan FDI terhadap penerimaan pajak.
Referensi
Alotaibi, Abdullah R. & Mishra, Anil V. (2014). Chapter 31 - Determinants of International Financial Integration of GCC Markets. Emerging Markets and the Global Economy, Academic Press, 2014, Pages 749-771.
Andriyansyah, Hong, S. H. & Nam, B. (2021). Policy Considerations in Using Tax Incentives for Foreign Investment. Policy Perspectives Paper (PP/21-01).
Aneyew, D. (2016). Determinants of tax revenue in Ethiopia Johansen co–intergration approach’s. International Journal of Bussiness, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp.69–84.
Anh, L. H. & Thinh, T. Q. (2018). Factors impacting tax revenue of Southeast Asian Countries. Studies in Computational Intelligence, 760, 514–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73150-6_41.
Astrini, E. W. & Az zakiyyah, N. A. (2018). Comparative Advantage Measurement in ASEAN’s Ten Leading Export Commodities: A Case Study of ASEAN-5. BISE: Jurnal Pendidikan Bisnis dan Ekonomi Vol. 4 No. 1.
Baunsgaard, T. & Keen, M. (2010). Tax revenue and (or?) trade liberalisation. Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 94, Nos. 9–10, pp.563–577.
Blalock, G. & P.J. Gertler. (2005). Foreign Direct Investment and Externalities: The Case for Public Intervention. Does foreign direct investment promote development: 73-106.
Borensztein, E., J. De Gregorio & J. Lee. (1998). How does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth?. Journal of International Economics 45(1): 115-135.
Botlhole, T. D. (2010). Tax Effort and the Determinants of Tax Ratio in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Conference on Applied Economics, 101–113.
Campos, N. F., & Kinoshita, Y. (2003). Why does FDI go where it goes? New evidence from the transition economies (November 2003). IMF Working Paper No. 03/228.
Cassou, S. P. (1997). The link between tax rates and foreign direct investment. Applied Economics, Vol. 29, No. 10, pp.1295–1301.
Chakrabarti, A. (2001). The determinants of foreign direct investments: Sensitivity analyses of cross‐country regressions. Kyklos, 54(1), 89-114. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00142.
Chelliah, R.J. (1971). Trends in taxation in developing countries. IMF Staff Papers, 18(2): 254-325.
Chongvilaivan, Aekapol & Chooi, Annette. (2021). A Comprehensive Assessment of Tax Capacity in Southeast Asia. Asian Development Bank.
Dioda, L. (2012). Structural Determinants of Tax Revenue in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1990-2009. ECLAC (December).http://hdl.handle.net/11362/26103.
Demena, B.A. & Bergeijk, P.A. (2019). Observing FDI spillover transmission channels: evidence from firms in Uganda. Third World Quarterly, pp.1-22.
Ebrill, L., J. Stotsky, & R. Gropp. (1999). Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization. IMF Occasional Paper No.180 (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Emran, M. S., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2005). On selective indirect tax reform in developing countries. Journal of Public Economics, 89(4), 599–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.04.007.
Felbermayr, Gabriel & Groeschl, Jasmin. (2011). Natural Disasters and the Effect of Trade on Income: A New Panel IV Approach. European Economic Review. 58. 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.11.008.
Freund, C. & Bolaky, B. (2008). Trade, regulations, and income. Journal of Development Economics, 87, p. 309-321.
Gaspar, V., Jaramillo, L., & Wingender, P. (2016). Tax Capacity and Growth: Is There a Tipping Point? IMF Working Papers 16/234.https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Is-sues/2016/12/31.
Gropp, M. R. & M.K. Kostial. (2000). The Disappearing Tax Base: Is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Eroding Corporate Income Taxes? International Monetary Fund.
Gugler, P. & Brunner, S. (2007). FDI effects on national competitiveness: a cluster approach. International Advances in Economic Research, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp.268–284.
Gujarati, D. (2004). Basic Econometrics By Gujarati (pp. 1–1002). McGraw-Hill Inc.
Gupta, A.S. (2007). Determinants of tax revenue efforts in developing countries. International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 184.
Han, Fei & Ng, Thiam Hee. (2011). ASEAN-5 Macroeconomic Forecasting Using a GVAR Model. ADB Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration (Issue 76).
Ho, T. T., Tran, X. H. & Nguyen, Q. K. (2023). Tax revenue-economic growth relationship and the role of trade openness in developing countries. Cogent Business & Management, 10:2, DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2023.2213959.
Hung, Tran & Tien, Nguyen. (2022). Factors impacting state tax revenue in ASEAN countries. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management.
HV, V., Thompson, F., & Tonby, O. (2014). Understanding ASEAN: Seven things you need to know. McKinsey & Company.
Imam, P. A. & Jacobs, D. (2014). Effect of Corruption on Tax Revenues in the Middle East. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, 10(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1515/rmeef-2014-0001.
International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2021). Fiscal Monitor, April 2021: A Fair Shot. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/FM/Issues/2021/03/29/fiscal-monitor-april-2021.
Junquera-Varela, R.-F. & Haven, B. (2018). Getting to 15 Percent: Addressing the Largest Tax Gaps. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/governance/getting-15-percent-addressing-largest-tax-gaps.
Kalaš, B., Mirović, V. & Milenković, N. (2018). The relationship between taxes and economic growth: Evidence from Serbia and Croatia. The European Journal of Applied Economics, 15(2), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.5937/ejae15-18056.
Karagöz, K. (2013). Determinants of tax revenue: Does sectorial composition matter? Journal of Finance, Accounting and Management, 4(2): 50-63.
Kawai, Masahiro & Naknoi, Kanda. (2015). ASEAN Economic Integration through Trade and Foreign Direct Investment: Long-Term Challenges. ADBI Working Papers 545, Asian Development Bank Institute.
Keen, M. & Ligthart, J. (2001). Coordinating Tariff Reductions and Domestic Tax Reform. Journal of International Economics, Vol. 56, pp. 407–425.
Keen, M., & Ligthart, J. E. (2005). Coordinating tariff reduction and domestic tax reform under imperfect competition. Review of International Economics, 13(2), 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2005.00510.x.
Long, G. (2005). China’s Policies on FDI: Review and Evaluation. Does foreign direct investment promote development:315-336.
MacDougall, G.D.A. (1960). The Benefits and Costs of Private Investment from Abroad: A Theoretical Approach 1. Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 22(3): 189-211.
Mahmood, H. & A. Chaudhary. (2013). Impact of FDI on Tax Revenue in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences 7(1): 59.
Manurung, R., et al. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh Ekspor, Investasi Asing Langsung Dan Investasi Portofolio Terhadap Nilai Tukar Rupiah Di Indonesia Tahun 2006-2017. Jom Feb, 1(1), 1. https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFEKON/ article/viewFile/20817/20142.
Moosa, I. (2002). Foreign Direct Investment: Theory, Evidence and Practice. Palgrave Macmilan.
Nguyen, H.T.T., M.H. Nguyen & A. Goenka. (2014). How does FDI Affect Corporate Tax Revenue of the Host Country. Document De Recherche Epee, Centre D’etudes Des Politiques Economiques De L’universite D’evry.
Nguyen, Hoa & Darsono, Susilo. (2022). The Impacts of Tax Revenue and Investment on the Economic Growth in Southeast Asian Countries. Journal of Accounting and Investment. 23. 128-146. 10.18196/jai.v23i1.13270.
Piancastelli, M. (2001). Measuring the Tax Effort of Developed and Developing Countries: Cross Country Panel Data Analysis - 1985/95. IPEA Working Paper No. 818. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.283758.
Profeta, P. & Scabrosetti, S. (2010). The Political Economy of Taxation: Lessons for Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Italy.
Pusat Kebijakan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara. (2015). Dampak Penerapan Free Trade Area terhadap Penerimaan Perpajakan. https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/kajian/2015/03/27/123509660066376-dampak-penerapan-free-trade-area-terhadap-penerimaan-perpajakan, diakses 18 Mei 2023.
Safitriani, S. (2014). Perdagangan Internasional Dan Foreign Direct Investment di Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 8(1): 93-116.
Saptono, P. B. & Mahmud, G. (2021). Macroeconomic Determinants of Tax Revenue and Tax Effort in Southeast Asian Countries. JDE (Journal of Developing Economies), 6(2), 253–274. https://doi.org/10.20473/jde.v6i2.29439.
Syadullah, M. (2015). Governance and Tax Revenue in Asean Countries. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 6(2), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v6i2.845.
UNCTAD. (2007). World Investment Report 2007: Transnational Corporations, Extractive Industries and Development. Switzerland: United Nations.
Verbeek, M. (2000). A Guide to Modern Econometrics. New York: John Wiley.
Walpole, R. E. (2012). Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists. Pearson.
Wickramarachchi, Vipula. (2019). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Developing Countries: The Case of Sri Lanka. International Journal of Business and Social Science 10: 76–88.
Widodo, T. (2009). Comparative advantage: theory, empirical measures, and case studies. Review of Economic and Business Studies. 4, 57-82.
World Bank. (2023). Metadata Glossary: GDP Growth (GDP per capita growth). https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/statistical-capacity-indicators/series/5.51.01.10.gdp#:~:text=Metadata%20Glossary&text=Long%20definition-,GDP%20per%20capita%20is%20the%20sum%20of%20gross%20value%20added,GDP%20data%20in%20local%20currency, diakses 26 Mei 2023.
World Bank. (2023). Metadata Glossary: Tax Revenue (% of GDP). https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/world-development-indicators/series/GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS, diakses 26 Mei 2023.
Zeb, N., F. Qiang & M. Sharif. (2014). Foreign Direct Investment and Unemployment Reduction in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Research 5(02): 10-17.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Dian Irsalina Listikarini, Suparna Wijaya
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
