Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Jasa Kesenian Dan Hiburan Atas Konten Digital Pasca Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan

Penulis

  • Abdi Pratama Putra Darhani Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN
  • Suparna Wijaya Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54957/educoretax.v2i2.221

Kata Kunci:

Content creator, Kesenian dan hiburan, Pajak Pertambahan Nilai, YouTube

Abstrak

Saat ini pemberian jasa kesenian dan hiburan dalam bentuk digital semakin berkembang, terutama pada platform YouTube oleh para content creator. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab pertanyaan apakah transasksi yang ada dalam kegiatan dan pemberian jasa dan hiburan oleh content creator Indonesia memiliki aspek Pajak Pertambahan Nilai atas jasa kesenian dan hiburan, bagaimana penerapan perpajakannya, bagaimana dampak penerapannya kepada negara, serta apa tantangan yang akan dihadapi dalam penerapannya. Dalam penulisan penelitian digunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan narasumber dari akademisi, Direktorat Jenderal Perpajakan, serta digital media analyst. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan hadirnya Undang-Undang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan yang mengatur ulang objek non jasa kena pajak khususnya pada jasa kesenian dan hiburan menjadikan hiburan dalam bentuk digital dapat dikategorikan sebagai objek PPN, salah satunya ialah konten digital yang diberikan oleh content creator YouTube. Hingga saat ini Google Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd belum memiliki kehadiran fisik di Indonesia oleh karena itu mekanisme pemungutan PPN yang dapat diterapkan ialah mekanisme umum terkait ekspor jasa kena pajak atau Reverse Charge Mechanism. Menimbang sulitnya penentuan kategori jasa yang diberikan, dalam penelitian ditemukan bahwa metode Reverse Charge Mechanism lebih aplikatif dibanding mekanisme umum. Dengan penerapan PPN ini akan membuka peluang intensifikasi PPh didalam perpajakan content creator di Indonesia namun penerapannya pula akan menemukan berbagai tantangan seperti masih perlunya kategorisasi yang jelas agar tidak terjadi pergesakan di lapangan. 

Currently, the provision of arts and entertainment services in digital form is growing, especially on the YouTube platform by content creators. The purpose of this study is to answer the question of whether the transactions in the activities and provision of services and entertainment by Indonesian content creators have aspects of Value Added Tax on arts and entertainment services, how the taxation is applied, how the impact of its application on the state, and what challenges will be faced in its application. In writing the research, a qualitative descriptive method was used with sources from academia, the Directorate General of Taxation, and digital media analysts. The results show that with the presence of the Harmonization of Tax Regulation Act which reorganizes non-taxable services objects, especially in arts and entertainment services, entertainment in digital form can be categorized as VAT objects, one of which is digital content provided by YouTube content creators. Until now Google Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. does not yet have a physical presence in Indonesia, therefore the VAT collection mechanism that can be applied is the general mechanism related to the export of taxable services or the Reverse Charge Mechanism. Considering the difficulty of determining the category of services provided, the research found that the Reverse Charge Mechanism method is more applicable than the general mechanism. With the implementation of this VAT, it will open up opportunities for the intensification of income tax in content creator taxation in Indonesia, but its application will also encounter various challenges, such as the need for clear categorization so that there is no friction in the field.

Referensi

Akbulaev, N., Mammadov, I., & Aliyev, V. (2020). Economic Impact of COVID-19. In SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3649813

Angin, A. sriwahyuni B. P., & Gaol, H. H. H. L. (2021). Urgensi Penarikan Pajak Penghasilan Profesi Youtuber dan Selebgram Sebagai Upaya Mendorong Stabilisasi Perekonomian Pasca Pandemi. Jurnal Pacta Sunt Servanda, 2(September).

Arthurs, J., Drakopoulou, S., & Gandini, A. (2018). Researching YouTube. Convergence, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517737222

Ávila, H. (2016). Certainty in law. Springer International Publishing.

Ayza, B. (2017). Hukum Pajak Indonesia. Kencana.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Berita Resmi Statistik Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020. Bps.Go.Id, 27, 1–52. https://papua.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2018/05/07/336/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-provinsi-papua-tahun-2017.html

Benny, D. L. K. W. (2015). American International Journal of Research in Humanities , Art and Social Sciences ( AIJRHASS ) Issue 10 J o u r n a l o f R e s e a r c h i n S o c i a l S c i e n c e s. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (AIJRHASS), 1(10).

Bird, R. M., & Bird, R. M. (2016). Value-Added Taxes in Developing and Transitional Countries : Lessons and Questions Value-Added Taxes in Developing and Transitional Countries : Lessons and Questions ITP Paper 0505. April 2005.

Bisnis.com. (2022). Valuasi Industri Hiburan Capai US$10,7 M, Mekominfo Johnny G. Plate Serukan Digitalisasi. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20220203/12/1496258/valuasi-industri-hiburan-capai-us107-m-mekominfo-johnny-g-plate-serukan-digitalisasi

BPS. (2015). Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2015-2045 Hasil SUPAS 2015. BPS RI.

BPS. (2022). Realisasi Pendapatan Negara (Milyar Rupiah), 2020-2022. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/13/1070/1/realisasi-pendapatan-negara.html

Budiarto, M. T. (2020). Penggalian Potensi Wajib Pajak para youtuber menggunakan metode Web Scrapping. Simposium Nasional Keuangan Negara 2020.

Budzinski, O., Gaenssle, S., & Lindstädt-Dreusicke, N. (2021). The battle of YouTube, TV and Netflix: an empirical analysis of competition in audiovisual media markets. SN Business & Economics, 1(9), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-021-00122-0

Charlet, A., & Buydens, S. (2012). The OECD International VAT/GST Guidelines: past and future developments. World Journal of VAT/GST Law, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5235/wjovl.1.2.175

CNBC Indonesia. (2021). Alasan Sri Mulyani Otak-atik Pajak Sembako Hingga Sekolah! https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210628162124-4-256533/alasan-sri-mulyani-otak-atik-pajak-sembako-hingga-sekolah

CNBC Indonesia. (2022). 76,8% Warga RI sudah Pakai Internet, Tapi banyak PR-nya. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20220120142249-37-309046/768-warga-ri-sudah-pakai-internet-tapi-banyak-pr-nya

Collis, C. (2017). Entertainment Values. Entertainment Values, 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-47290-8

DDTC. (2020). Strategi Perluasan Basis Pajak di Tengah Perlemahan Ekonomi. https://news.ddtc.co.id/strategi-perluasan-basis-pajak-di-tengah-perlemahan-ekonomi-19778

De Reuver, M., Sørensen, C., & Basole, R. C. (2018). The digital platform: A research agenda. Journal of Information Technology, 33(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41265-016-0033-3

Deák, D. (2008). Neutrality and legal certainty in tax law and the effective protection of taxpayers’ rights. Acta Juridica Hungarica, 49(2), 177–201. https://doi.org/10.1556/AJur.49.2008.2.2

Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. (2020). Gelombang Pertama, Enam Perusahaan Ditunjuk Sebagai Pemungut PPN Produk Digital Luar Negeri.

Ebrill, L., Keen, M., Bodin, J.-P., & Summers, V. (2001). The Modern VAT. International Monetary Fund.

Enterprise, J. (2018). Kitab Youtuber. PT Elex Media Komputindo.

Feria, R. de la. (2019). The New VAT General Reverse-Charge Mechanism. Ec Tax Review, 02(2018), 172–175.

Geliskhanov, I. Z., & Yudina, T. N. (2018). Digital platform: A new economic institution. Quality - Access to Success, 19(S2), 20–26.

Gemmell, N., & Hasseldine, J. (2015). THE TAX GAP: A METHODOLOGICAL REVIEW. https://doi.org/10.1108/s1058-749720150000022008

Gordon, R., Kalambokidis, L., Rohaly, J., & Slemrod, J. (2004). Toward a consumption tax, and beyond. American Economic Review, 94(2), 161–165. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302316

Gralla, P. (1998). How The Internet Works? Que Corporation.

Hauben, M. (2010). History of ARPANET. Http://Pages.Infinit.Net/Jbcoco/Arpa-Arpanet-Internet.Pdf. http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/docs/arpa.html%5Cnhttp://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/docs/arpa--1.html%5Cnhttp://pages.infinit.net/jbcoco/Arpa-Arpanet-Internet.pdf

Hein, A., Schreieck, M., Riasanow, T., Setzke, D. S., Wiesche, M., Böhm, M., & Krcmar, H. (2020). Digital platform ecosystems. Electronic Markets, 30(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-019-00377-4

Hikmah, F. (2020). The Organisation For Economic Cooperation And Development Guidelines Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pengaturan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Atas Jasa Di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 27(3), 639–659. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss3.art10

IFPI. (2021). Global Music Report. Cultural Globalization, 76–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696699.ch4

ITR. (2019). Future of VAT: Continued evolution and increasing significance. https://www.internationaltaxreview.com/article/b1j8ycnj2st8h7/future-of-vat-continued-evolution-and-increasing-significance

Katadata.co.id. (2021). UU HPP Resmi Terbit, Berikut Poin-poin Pentingnya. https://katadata.co.id/agustiyanti/finansial/6182bea059378/uu-hpp-resmi-terbit-berikut-poin-poin-pentingnya

Kemenkeu RI. (2021a). APBN KITA : Kinerja dan Fakta 2020. APBN Kita. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/apbnkita

Kemenkeu RI. (2021b). Jaga Prinsip Netralitas, Hindari Distorsi Ekonomi. https://mediakeuangan.kemenkeu.go.id/article/show/jaga-prinsip-netralitas-hindari-distorsi-ekonomi

Kemenkeu RI. (2021c). Melalui UU HPP Pemerintah akan Optimalkan Penerimaan Negara yang Berkeadilan. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/melalui-uu-hpp-pemerintah-akan-optimalkan-penerimaan-negara-yang-berkeadilan/

Kemenkeu RI. (2021d). Melalui UU HPP Pemerintah akan Optimalkan Penerimaan Negara yang Berkeadilan. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/melalui-uu-hpp-pemerintah-akan-optimalkan-penerimaan-negara-yang-berkeadilan/

Kemenkeu RI. (2021e). UU HPP diundangkan menjadi UU 7/2021, Perhatikan Waktu Pemberlakuannya. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/uu-hpp-diundangkan-menjadi-uu-72021-perhatikan-waktu-pemberlakuannya/

Kompas. (2021). 10 Youtuber Indonesia dengan Penghasilan Tertinggi, Bisa Mencapai 9 Miliar per Bulan. https://www.kompas.com/wiken/read/2021/12/18/200600181/10-youtuber-indonesia-dengan-penghasilan-tertinggi-bisa-mencapai-9-miliar?page=all

Kubovy, M., & Schutz, M. (2010). Audio-Visual Objects. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 1(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-009-0004-5

LATimes. (2021). Streaming milestone: Global subscriptions passed 1 billion last year. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-03-18/streaming-milestone-global-subscriptions-passed-1-billion-last-year-mpa-theme-report

Lumentah, Y. P. (2013). Analisis Penerapan Sistem Pemungutan Pajak Hiburan Di Kota Manado. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 1(3), 1049–1059.

Maeskina, M. M., & Hidayat, D. (2022). Adaptasi Kerja Content Creator Di Era Digital. Jurnal Communio, Vol 11 No.

Masyitah, E. (2016). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penerimaan PPN dan PPnBM. Accumulated Journal, 1983(8), 89–103.

McKee, A., Collis, C., Nitins, T., Ryan, M., Harrington, S., Duncan, B., Carter, J., Luck, E., Neale, L., Butler, D., & Backstrom, M. (2014). Defining entertainment: an approach. Creative Industries Journal, 7(2), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2014.962932

OECD. (2020a). Consumption Tax Trend 2020 : VAT/GST AND EXCISE RATES, TRENDS AND POLICY ISSUES.

OECD. (2020b). The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis on development finance. Tackling Coronavirus (COVID‑19) Contributing to a Global Effort, 100(6), 468–470. http://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions

PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2019). A guide to VAT / GST in. 1–289.

Purbo, O. W. (2006). Buku Pegangan Internet Wireless dan Hotspot. PT Elex Media Komputindo.

PWC. (2020). Mempercepat datangnya masa depan: Industri hiburan dan media menata ulang bisnisnya di tengah pemulihan.

PWC. (2021). Entertainment & media revenues rebounding strongly from pandemic slump; shift to streaming, gaming and user-generated content is transforming industry. Pwc.Com. https://www.pwc.com/id/en/media-centre/press-release/2021/english/entertainment-and-media-revenues-rebounding-strongly-from-pandemic-slump-shift-to-streaming-gaming-and-user-generated-content-is-transforming-industry.html

Republika.co.id. (2015). Pembebasan PPN Jasa Hiburan Hindari Terjadinya Pajak Berganda. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/ntf617349/pembebasan-ppn-jasa-hiburan-hindari-terjadinya-pajak-berganda

Senyk, M. (2020). The Origin and Destination Principles As Alternative Approaches Towards VAT Allocation : Analysis in the WTO, the OECD and the EU Legal Frameworks. IBFD Publication USA, incorporated.

Sugiarto, E. (2015). Menyusun Proposal Penelitian Kualitatif Skripsi dan Tesis. Suaka Media.

Sukardji, U. (2015). Pajak Pertambahan Nilai PPN. Rajawali Press.

Sundawa, Y. A., & Trigartanti, W. (2018). Fenomena Content Creator di Era Digital. Prosiding Hubungan Masyarakat, 4(2), 438–443. karyailmiah.unisba.ac.id

Tek.id. (2020). Jumlah pengguna unik YouTube di Indonesia capai 93 juta. https://www.tek.id/tek/jumlah-pengguna-unik-youtube-di-indonesia-capai-93-juta-b1ZT79iPE

We Are Social. (2021). Digital 2021. Global Digital Insights, 103.

Wijaya, A. (2021). Perkembangan Teknologi 5G. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 1(1), 2–5.

Wijaya, S., & Mahatma, E. A. (2017). Analisa Upaya Peningkatan Penerimaan Perpajakan Dari Penggalian Potensi Pajak Atas Penghasilan Youtuber. Jurnal Manajemen Keuangan Publik, 1(2), 125–130. https://doi.org/10.31092/jmkp.v1i2.145

Yuniarto, T. (2019). Masa Depan Jaringan 5G dan Perilaku Komunikasi Digital. Warta ISKI, 2(01), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25008/wartaiski.v2i01.22

Zhu, H., Luo, M. Di, Wang, R., Zheng, A. H., & He, R. (2021). Deep Audio-visual Learning: A Survey. International Journal of Automation and Computing, 18(3), 351–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-021-1293-0

Zimmerling, A., & Chen, X. (2021). Innovation and possible long-term impact driven by COVID-19: Manufacturing, personal protective equipment and digital technologies. Technology in Society, 65(October 2020), 101541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101541

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

26-06-2022

Cara Mengutip

Darhani, A. P. P., & Wijaya, S. (2022). Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Jasa Kesenian Dan Hiburan Atas Konten Digital Pasca Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan. Educoretax, 2(2), 120–144. https://doi.org/10.54957/educoretax.v2i2.221

Terbitan

Bagian

Articles

Artikel paling banyak dibaca berdasarkan penulis yang sama

1 2 3 4 5 > >>