Does Independent Commissioner Decrease The Positive Association Between Transfer Pricing And Tax Avoidance?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54957/educoretax.v4i4.770Kata Kunci:
Corporate governance, Tax planning, Transfer pricingAbstrak
Indonesia's tax ratio has not increased proportionally to projected tax revenues. A low tax ratio indicates tax avoidance. One type of tax avoidance strategy is transfer pricing. The presence of independent commissioners is expected to suppress transfer pricing practices as a forum for tax avoidance by management. This research examines the contribution of transfer pricing to tax avoidance practices. The study also investigates the moderation role of independent commissioners on managers' tax avoidance actions. The sample selection was carried out purposely on multinational manufacturing companies listed from 2019 to 2022 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, resulting in 12 multinational manufacturing companies as samples. This research utilizes quantitative methods through panel data regression analysis. The test result finds that transfer pricing positively influences tax avoidance. However, the independent commissioner succeeds in weakening the positive influence of transfer pricing on tax avoidance. This indicates that independent commissioners have difficulty influencing management or operational-related decisions. This research implies that the Directorate General should focus on companies with high related party transactions to indicate that the company is likely to commit tax avoidance. This focus on supervision is considered to be able to increase Indonesia's tax revenue and ratio.
Referensi
Amidu, M., Coffie, W., & Acquah, P. (2019). Transfer pricing, earnings management and tax avoidance of firms in Ghana. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 235–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0091
Apriyanti, H. W., Permatasari, D., & Fuad, K. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengungkapan kebijakan metode transfer pricing dalam laporan keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi Indonesia, 9(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.30659/jai.9.1.19-36
Barker, J., Asare, K., & Brickman, S. (2016). Transfer pricing as a vehicle in corporate tax avoidance. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 33(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i1.9863
Darussalam, S. D, & Kristiaji B, B. (2013). Transfer pricing: ide, strategi, dan panduan praktis dalam perspektif pajak internasional. Danny Darussalam Tax Center.
Desai, M. A., & Dharmapala, D. (2006). Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives. Journal of Financial Economics, 79(1), 145–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.02.002
Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. L. (2008). Long-run corporate tax avoidance. The Accounting Review, 83(1), 61–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30243511
Falbo, T. D., & Firmansyah, A. (2019). Thin capitalization, transfer pricing aggressiveness, penghindaran pajak. Indonesian Journal Of Accounting And Governance, 2(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.36766/ijag.v2i1.11
Fasita, E., Firmansyah, A., & Irawan, F. (2022). Transfer pricing aggressiveness, thin capitalization, political connection, tax avoidance: does corporate governance have a role in Indonesia? Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 7(1), 63–93. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v7i1.17313
Ghasani, N. A. L. S., Nurdiono, N., Agustina, Y., & Indra, A. Z. (2021). Pengaruh transfer pricing, leverage dan profitabilitas terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 26(1), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.23960/jak.v26i1.269
Hanlon, M. (2005). The persistence and pricing of earnings, accruals, and cash flows when firms have large book-tax differences. The Accounting Review, 80(1), 137–166. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4093164
Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2–3), 127–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002
Hansen, D. R., Mowen, M. M., & Hansen, D. R. (2007). Managerial accounting. Thomson/South-Western.
Hasnati. (2014). Komisaris independen dan komite audit organ perusahaan yang berperan untuk mewujudkan good corporate governance di Indonesia. Absolute Media.
Irawan, F., Kinanti, A., Suhendra, M., & Id, M. (2020). The impact of transfer pricing and earning management on tax avoidance. Talent Development and Excellence, 12(3), 3203–3216. https://www.iratde.com/index.php/jtde/article/view/1229
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Kemenkeu. (2024). Solid dan kredibel: stabilitas ekonomi nasional dan APBN tahun 2023 terjaga di tengah risiko ketidakpastian global. https://anggaran.kemenkeu.go.id/in/post/solid-dan-kredibel:-stabilitas-ekonomi-nasional-dan-apbn-tahun-2023-terjaga-di-tengah-risiko-ketidakpastian-global
Lipatov, V. (2012). Corporate tax evasion: The case for specialists. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 81(1), 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.09.015
Mardiasmo. (2023). Perpajakan (F. Yulia A, Ed.; I). Andi.
Merle, R., Al-Gamrh, B., & Ahsan, T. (2019). Tax havens and transfer pricing intensity: Evidence from the French CAC-40 listed firms. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1647918
Merslythalia, R., & Lasmana, M. S. (2017). Pengaruh kompetensi eksekutif, ukuran perusahaan, komisaris independen, dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis,11(2), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.24843/JIAB.2016.v11.i02.p07
Mocanu, M., Constantin, S.-B., & Răileanu, V. (2021). Determinants of tax avoidance – evidence on profit tax-paying companies in Romania. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 2013–2033. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1860794
Napitupulu, I. H., Situngkir, A., & Arfanni, C. (2020). Pengaruh transfer pricing dan profitabilitas terhadap tax avoidance. Kajian Akuntansi, 21(2), 126–141. https://doi.org/10.29313/ka.v21i2.6737
Naruli, A., Kusumaningarti, M., & Agustin, A. I. (2022). Pengaruh transfer pricing dan aset tak berwujud terhadap penghindaran pajak. Jurnal Ilmiah Cendekia Akuntansi, 7(4), 111. https://doi.org/10.32503/cendekiaakuntansi.v7i4.2920
Pratama, A. (2020). Corporate governance, foreign operations and transfer pricing practice: the case of Indonesian manufacturing companies. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 24(2), 185-200. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2020.105167
Pratomo, D., & Triswidyaria, H. (2021). Pengaruh transfer pricing dan karakter eksekutif terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Aktual, 8(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.17977/um004v8i12021p039
Puspitaningrum, D., & Atmini, S. (2012). Corporate governance mechanism and the level of internet financial reporting: evidence from Indonesian companies. Procedia Economics and Finance, 2, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00075-5
Putri, N., & Mulyani, S. D. (2020). Pengaruh transfer pricing dan kepemilikan asing terhadap praktik penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance) dengan pengungkapan corporate social responsibility (csr) sebagai variabel moderasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pakar. https://doi.org/10.25105/pakar.v0i0.6826
Rego, S. O. (2003). Tax‐avoidance activities of U.S. multinational corporations. Contemporary Accounting Research, 20(4), 805–833. https://doi.org/10.1506/VANN-B7UB-GMFA-9E6W
Richardson, G., Taylor, G., & Lanis, R. (2013). Determinants of transfer pricing aggressiveness: Empirical evidence from Australian firms. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 9(2), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2013.06.002
Santoso, B. A., & Junaeni, I. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Likuiditas, dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Owner, 6(2), 1597–1609. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i2.795
Sitanggang, R., & Firmansyah, A. (2021). Transaksi dengan pihak berelasi dan praktik transfer pricing di Indonesia. Jurnal Pajak Dan Keuangan Negara (PKN), 2(2), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v2i2.1180
Stefani, M., & Paramitha, M. (2022). Pengaruh sustainability reporting, corporate social responsibility, leverage dan komisaris independen terhadap penghindaran pajak. Jurnal Locus Penelitian Dan Pengabdian, 1(4), 226–246. https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v1i4.59
Subagiastra, K., Arizona, I. P. E., & Mahaputra, I. N. K. A. (2017). Pengaruh profitabilitas, kepemilikan keluarga, dan good corporate governance terhadap penghindaran pajak (studi pada perusahaan manufaktur di bursa efek Indonesia). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 1(2), 167-193. https://doi.org/10.23887/jia.v1i2.9994
Taylor, G., & Richardson, G. (2012). International corporate tax avoidance practices: evidence from australian firms. The International Journal of Accounting, 47(4), 469–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2012.10.004
Utami, M. F., & Irawan, F. (2022). Pengaruh thin capitalization dan transfer pricing aggressiveness terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan financial constraints sebagai variabel moderasi. Owner, 6(1), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.607
Wahab, N. S. A., & Holland, K. (2012). Tax planning, corporate governance, and equity value. The British Accounting Review, 44(2), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2012.03.005
Wang, F., Xu, S., Sun, J., & Cullinan, C. P. (2020). Corporate tax avoidance: a literature review and research agenda. Journal of Economic Surveys, 34(4), 793–811. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12347
Waworuntu, S. R., & Hadisaputra, R. (2016). Determinants of transfer pricing aggressiveness in Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 24, 95–110. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/special-issue?article=JSSH-S0229-2016
Widhiadnyana, I. K., & Dwi Ratnadi, N. M. (2019). The impact of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, proportion of independent commissioner, and intellectual capital on financial distress. Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura, 21(3), 351. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v21i3.1233
Wulandari, S., Oktaviani, R. M., & Sunarto, S. (2023). Manajemen laba, transfer pricing, dan penghindaran pajak sebelum dan pada masa pendemi covid-19. Owner, 7(2), 1424–1433. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i2.1329
Yohana, B., Darmastuti, D., & Widyastuti, S. (2022). Penghindaran pajak di Indonesia: pengaruh transfer pricing dan customer concentration dimoderasi oleh peran komisaris independen. Reviu Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Indonesia, 6(1), 112–129. https://doi.org/10.18196/rabin.v6i1.13468
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 M. Rafli Deviansyah, Edi Nugroho, Amrie Firmansyah
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
